Showing posts with label corona. Show all posts
Showing posts with label corona. Show all posts

Tuesday, February 9, 2021

@pdxsag Post on Covid and Reopening

[Update from our correspondent @pdxsag.]

We are at the one year anniversary of WuFlu. Of course, the natural human inclination is to look back and ask, “what have we learned.” I'm not going to be that guy. Except, well, maybe to mention my late May 2020 estimate of 300k Covid deaths by the end of the year vs. 350k actual was closer than any of the TV experts predicted.

I can't exactly dunk on anyone though. I expected a baby boom, and that did not happen. Indeed, Oregon, for the first time ever, had more deaths than births in a calendar year. Ignoring immigration, which was still positive, Covid did tip the state into NPG (negative population growth). Interestingly, while excess deaths were almost 4k above the 5 year average, official Covid deaths were less than half that total, 1697. (1)

It should also be said Oregon has the fourth lowest Covid mortality rate in the US. I suspect this is owing to climate and population demographics more than anything we did or didn't do. It certainly was not mask mandates and stay-at-home orders (twit). Vermont and Hawaii were tied for lowest at 29 per 100k. Alaska next with 38 per 100k. Then Oregon and Maine tied at 47 per 100k.

With regard to population demographics, Portland, which is the one region in Oregon with the population density sufficient to sustain an actual epidemic, is relatively young and fit owing to Oregon's perennial popularity for in-state immigration over the last 25 years.

On the climate angle, Eastern Oregon, which is where it gets both hot and cold enough for central heating and cooling to be significant for seasonality, is very thinly populated. Within the Willamette Valley, the climate is too mild to see either of the summer or winter seasonality that we saw in the sun states or New England, Great Plains, upper Midwest, etc. If the nation wasn't so obese, I suspect we'd have seen a line extending from Oregon through Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, the southern Big 10 states and into North Carolina where Covid ended up being of little significance.

Nonetheless, negative population growth in a younger and fitter than average state with one of the lowest Covid mortality rates... Feels bad man.

Well, we are about looking ahead at CBS, and the question at hand is what do we expect for 2021. While I am loathe to make predictions on how international-NGO's, media, governments, and ultimately the populace at large will act and react from now until 2022, the epidemic itself is decidedly in the wind-down stage.

Like them or hate them, the mRNA vaccines are remarkably, incredibly effective. They might be the biggest win against infectious disease since the discovery of antibiotics. The irony between a completely novel mRNA vaccine being developed and released in 9 months, and the scurrilous crack-pot conspiracy theory that SARS-Cov-2 could be bio-engineered in a research lab is left as an exercise for the reader.

Israel is unabashedly setting the standard for effectiveness in a vaccine campaign. Their execution rivals the US circa 1950's. Don't ask why. The important thing to note is that two months into their campaign – one month for vax's to get to a widely distributed plus one month for immunity to develop in the vaccinated individuals -- the infection rate is dropping fast, and fastest among the over-65 demographic that were allowed first in line for vaccination (Segal). With another month of this, we might be using Israel to suss out exactly where the inflection point for herd immunity lies.

In the US and Europe, it's been the much slower game of natural seasonality taking over. Vaccines have been rolling out to be sure, West Virginia and Alaska are the best in the US, but they are the outliers. Don't ask why. Oregon, again with which I am most familiar, had our mortality rate peak in the first week of December. Backing up about one week to account for mortality lagging hospitalization, and one more week to account for hospitalization lagging infection, we can deduce the infection peak was 1-2 weeks prior to Thanksgiving. For week ending January 24, 2021, the latest week in which data is available, the mortality rate is now below the first week of November, which was when the fall flu season first began showing up in the mortality statistics. Even in California, the infection rate peaked prior to Christmas. The widely feared superspreader events from families gathering together over the holidays was entirely a media sensation.

If US and Europe is not enough to convince you the worst is behind us, India does not have a vaccination program and has been relying on cheap and boring old Ivermectin for treatment. News this week is that India has had around half the population infected and herd immunity is beginning to kick-in (Times).

All of these point to the economy re-opening soon. The equity markets appear to be in wild agreement. Energy, especially oil producers and refiners, have been bid, as have inflation plays like mining companies.

For students enduring remote learning and small business owners in the service sector, however, probably not too soon.

There's still a vaccination program to get firing on all cylinders. Also, an economic stimulus package to get through Congress to give the economy its own shot in the arm too. With a week of impeachment theater scheduled in the Senate it's necessarily going to be on the back burner for at least one more week.

But you can see how Biden has a bit of a needle to thread here timing-wise. He doesn't want to wait too long or Congressional Republicans might have an excuse that the virus is well behind us and we don't need a big stimulus package after all. Conversely, if Biden gets too much in front of the vaccination program and are people still sitting at home worrying about catching a communicable disease, he runs the risk that most of the stimulus direct cash transfers end up in coins – silver or Bit, doesn't matter. Neither is a strong multiplier of economic growth.

Using Israel as our model, if you assume the vaccinations finally hit their stride in February, and then allow another month for immunity to develop, it's probably late March/early April when spring fever hits the nation in full. The Covid-marms will have had their last hurrah shaming anyone considering heading to places sunny and warm for Spring Break in March, but I don't think it will be enough to change the plans of anyone that's already made up their mind. By April those that left town for Spring Break will be home long enough to come to the realization they are done being kowtowed. The Covid-marms will claim they fought the good fight, they held the line on Spring Break, and now they can declare victory. The war is over. The vaccinations give everyone their “because reason” rationalization. Spring has sprung. It is the season of new birth and new beginning. Not everyone will be completely convinced, of course. But Democrats are in charge now and they know better than to let Covid get hung around their necks like a rotting albatross for the next 2 years.

Monday, February 8, 2021

Shi Zhengli

But it gets worse still for the zoonosis theory. The gene sequence for the amino acids in the furin site in CoV-2 uses a very rare set of two codons, three letter words so six letters in a row, that are rarely used individually and have never been seen together in tandem in any coronaviruses in nature. But these same ‘rare in nature’ codons turn out to be the very ones that are always used by scientists in the laboratory when researchers want to add the amino acid arginine, the ones that are found in the furin site. When scientists add a dimer of arginine codons to a coronavirus, they invariably use the word, CGG-CGG, but coronaviruses in nature rarely (<1%) use this codon pair. For example, in the 580,000 codons of 58 Sarbecoviruses the only CGG pair is CoV-2; none of the other 57 sarbecoviruses have such a pair.

So, there is no natural example of a furin protein site in nature that could be introduced into CoV-2 by recombination, there is no natural example of the particular gene sequence for the furin protein site contained in CoV-2 being used to code for anything in nature, but this particular coding is exactly what Dr. Shi, Baric, and others have used previously in published experiments to insert or optimize arginine codons.

It is telling that when Dr. Shi introduced the world to CoV-2 for the first time in January 2020 she showed hundreds of gene sequences of this novel virus but stopped just short of showing the furin site, the one she is purported to have introduced, seemingly not wanting to call attention to her handywork. She apparently failed to realize that an accomplished but innocent virologist, finding the first furin site ever seen in this class of viruses apparently coming from nature, would have featured the presence of the furin site prominently, and also would have used its presence and her experience with furin sites in other viruses to predict what it would foretell for the world due to its aggressive nature.

She could have perhaps saved many lives just by telling the world that she saw a furin site in the virus sequence.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Coronavirus Confidence Interval by @pdxsag: 300k-1,000k

[Our correspondent pdxsag (@pdxsag) shares his thoughts on corona mortality.]

This week Lion of the Blogosphere (from CBS Links), one of the earliest bloggers to call attention to the gathering WuFlu storm, came out this week estimating 2.5 million Covid19 fatalities in the US. He based his estimate extrapolating NYC's results assuming an overall 1% IFR sub-divided by age cohorts and a 70% overall infection rate before herd immunity is achieved to yield:

Age IFR Herd IR Mortality
0-19 0.003% 70% 1,722
20-44 0.1% 70% 76,209
45-64 0.9% 70% 528,570
65-74 3% 70% 711,690
75+ 7.5% 70% 1,151,850
Total 2,470,041

I'm not sure where he got his population numbers from, but using the census bureau Age & Sex table for 2019, I was able to get close-enough approximations to verify his arithmetic. However, my contention is that unique environmental and policy factors caused NYC to be an outlier. I believe IFR's in the rest of the country will be considerably less, as well as the level required to achieve herd immunity, owing to better preparedness and treatments. This is my rebuttal:

Age IFR Herd IR Mortality
0-19 0.001% 50% 408
20-44 0.05% 50% 26k
45-64 0.3% 50% 124k
65-74 1% 50% 158k
75+ 5% 50% 533k
Total 840k

Frankly, close to one million deaths still seems like an incredible number. It is a worst-case that assumes the IFR's are not off by an order of magnitude, which assumes there were no early Covid19 transmissions – despite many anecdotes to the contrary – and the very low serology rates we are seeing today are true. (This would be the no tin-foil, textbook-epidemiology scenario, espoused by the always eminently rational Cochran and Sailer.)

On the other hand, for the working age population in this scenario has less than 150k total deaths. In the context of a 330M population with annual births of 3.7 million, Covid19 won't even make for a negative population growth year.

Interestingly, a modest baby boom of 10% owing to the lock-downs would result in as many Covid19 babies (370k) as Covid19 fatalities under 75 yo (310k). As pandemics go, and as I've been saying since March, this one is a big fat nothing burger.

Finally, there has been a lot of debate on what the true Covid19 mortality rate is. As many people have argued Covid19 deaths are being over-counted, as have argued they are being under-counted. One thing that cannot be faked, however, is the excess fatality rate. It's not a perfect measurement because the lock-downs have caused a decrease in accidents and homicides, but it is an objective measure.

In the 8 weeks since the infection rate started ramping up in March, we are at 110k excess deaths (@lymanstoneky). 110k is a long way from 1 million. At ~10k a week, we'll never get there.

It will require a Spanish Flu-like 2nd wave greater than the first wave. Given our better understanding of epidemiology, better medicine, and lacking deprivation of a World War, I don’t believe that is at all a possibility.

My rule of thumb: natural events are never as bad as predicted when we see them coming. This leads me to estimate based on excess deaths to date is 200k by Aug and 300k by the end of the year. I will allow that a bad 2nd wave could get us to 500k by the end of the year (adjusting week 12 to be 0 for covid).

Tuesday, April 7, 2020

Dr. Reynolds Protocol for Coronavirus

[This guest post is by a new correspondent, Dr. Reynolds. We asked him to share his thoughts about treatments for the coronavirus. -CBS]

I am a neuromuscular neurologist, not a virologist, nor an infectious disease specialist; please keep that in mind as I share my thoughts on COVID19. I have been appalled by the federal government’s lack of preparation and leadership during the pandemic; but I will leave that to others to discuss. I am more interested in medicine than politics.

The development of effective treatment or prophylaxis against COVID19 is of paramount importance. At this point, only anecdotal evidence exists regarding the efficacy of COVID19 treatments. Testing existing treatments against COVID19 is the primary focus at this time, and each therapy mentioned in this letter is under active investigation for COVID19 application . Therapies with proven efficacy against other highly morbid coronavirus such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS) are worth considering first. One such drug is remdesivir, an RNA polymerase inhibitor that was previously tested against ebola. Remdesivir has demonstrated suppression of viral replication in humanized mouse models of SARS in both early treatment and prophylactic dosing regimens.  Remdesivir is dosed IV, which would make prophylaxis against COVID19 impossible, but would allow for treatment of infection. The first COVID19 clinical trials of remdesivir are due to report preliminary results in the coming weeks. Convalescent plasma is another candidate therapy with proven efficacy in SARS, though with limited data in COVID19. This involves transfusing plasma from recovered COVID19 patients into acutely ill patients. There are other promising candidates being tested as well, including hydroxychloroquine.

The tendency of a minority of Covid-19 cases to progress to respiratory and multiple-organ failure often followed by death is now well documented, and is mediated by a runaway immune response known as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) or colloquially as “cytokine storm.” Interleukins (IL) 1, 6, tissue necrosis factor alpha and a host of other cytokines are all inappropriately up regulated resulting in a massive inflammatory response. CRS then becomes more deleterious to the patient than the viral infection itself. There are multiple lab abnormalities that may portend the development of CRS, including changes in IL-6 and ferritin, which could be used to guide treatment. Fortunately, there are multiple existing drugs that can reduce circulating cytokines. Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody used for rheumatoid arthritis. It targets IL-6, and has already been approved for certain cases of CRS prior to the COVID19 pandemic. Anakinra blocks IL-1, another culprit implicated in CRS. Clinical trials of anakinra for COVID19 are also ongoing. Many other potential treatments offer some hope in treating CRS, but often have obvious limitations: such as plasma exchange (too labor intensive for widespread use in a pandemic), IVIG (already limited by a pre- COVID19 shortage), and prednisone, and multiple trials are ongoing. Of course, the obvious risk of treating CRS with immunosuppressant therapy is of decreasing viral suppression and worsening infection.

The efficacy of zinc supplementation in treating the common cold, which is generally caused by rhinovirus or coronavirus, has been debated for years. There is some emerging consensus that zinc lozenges may reduce duration of cold symptoms if started at the onset of cold symptoms. It is not clear if zinc lozenges will successfully treat COVID19 or function as a prophylactic against COVID19 infection, and zinc toxicity is rare but possible.

I do not foresee any of the above therapies as a game changer on its own.  I suspect a multi-modal approach will be needed to reduce the mortality of severe cases of COVID19 until either a successful vaccine or "herd immunity" is established. A therapeutic approach including an anti-viral such as remdesivir IV, started on admission to the hospital, followed by immunosuppression in those showing signs of impending CRS may hold the most promise. 

My strategy to minimize my personal risk of COVID19 infection is to practice social distancing, get plenty of sleep, take a zinc lozenge immediately prior to making my rounds in the hospital and again at bedtime, and to wear an N95 mask to the extent possible. I own three N95 masks, and there is little prospect of obtaining more in the near future, and so I use a UV light to clean my masks between uses. Please consult your physician regarding zinc dosing and stay safe!

Yours,

Dr. Reynolds

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Guest Post by "Louisiana": "Time to Assess Practical Risk"

[This guest post - the "high agency" approach to surviving this pandemic - is by our long time correspondent Louisiana. You might remember that he won the 2018 Prediction Contest, so read carefully. Also, be sure to read our previous posts and guest posts on coronavirus. -CBS]

It is time to assess practical risk. The economy will open back up soon, and the virus will not be contained (too late). We need to prepare to be infected and know the risk if it happens.

I took it upon myself to build a spreadsheet model comparing Covid risk to background risk of dying by age using SSA actuarial tables.

I direct everyone to the very solid statistics being kept by the Center for Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford. The current best estimate overall Case Fatality Rate for CV19 is 0.51%. The current best estimate overall Infection Fatality Rate is conservatively about 0.2% (probably lower). That is, about half of infections are asymptomatic or never severe enough to be tested. Thus the actual fatality risk is about 40% of the case fatality risk.

While the Chinese CFR is inflated as explained by the link, we can derive relative risks by age, comorbidity, and sex. For sex, best to look at Italian data since similar percentages of men and women smoke there, unlike in China where many more men smoke.

If you make a copy of the spreadsheet, you can input your own data. For myself, as a 40 year old male with no comorbidities, the best estimate is that I have a 1 in 4266 chance of dying if infected with Covid-19. The overall risk of dying for a man my age, according to the SSA life table, is 1 in 413.

Getting infected with Covid, then raises my overall death risk by 9.7%. That is, my death rate if infected over the next year is equivalent to a 42 year old instead of a 40 year old. This is not the sort of risk, for me, that is worth the lockdown measures being taken.

In fact, it’s arguably not worth it for anyone without comorbidities. For almost everyone, the relative risk is about 10%. For example, for a healthy 70-year-old, the odds of dying if infected are 1 in 416. The odds of dying in general are 1 in 43. Only a 10.4% elevated risk.

What if you have comorbidities?

The news isn’t that bad. Take a 70 year old male with some health problems. You would have a 1 in 100 chance of dying from covid compared to the general risk of 1 in 43 from social security data. However, if you have these comorbidities, your base risk of dying anyway is elevated and the SSA actuarial data is not accurate for you. At worst, you’re talking about a ~40% increase in death probability, more likely about 20%. Again, not worth shutting down the entire economy.

CV-19 seems to be killing people by temporarily knocking out some percentage of the lung's capacity to deliver oxygen. Thus, those with more "buffer" - younger, less weight, more trained cardiovascular systems - are much less likely to die. If you don't have enough buffer, you end up on oxygen or a ventilator, the latter of which makes you more vulnerable to bacterial infections.

No one is helpless. People can take action right now to fight this. Start exercising, hard. Aerobic capacity starts to improve almost immediately, and within a week you will have built a real buffer that could save your life. Second, if overweight start losing weight by eating much less food. All weight loss, regardless of the type of diet, involves burning body fat and putting the body into ketosis at least for part of the day, which boosts immune function.

The weight loss itself means less tissue for your infected lungs and heart to support, and less likely to end up on a vent. This is not the time to eat a bunch of comfort food.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

Coronavirus And Our Post-Democratic Future?

Glenn Chan wrote a post this morning, "healthcare systems in developed countries have been surprisingly inept compared to China." Everything that has happened over the past two months in the West has been surprisingly inept compared to northeast Asia. I believe that this episode is an inflection point in the fortunes of Asia vs the West, and also points to a post-democratic future of the West.

There are three examples on Twitter that capture the superior northeast Asian response in a stunning way. First, only Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan were able to get their coronavirus outbreaks under control swiftly enough to matter. (China's may be under control, or they may be lying.) They did this using masks, contact tracing, and quarantining that I am not sure this country is going to be capable of managing.

Read Scott Gottlieb's paper, "National coronavirus response: A road map to reopening". It is a sensible three step plan, but it is also a list of things that this country is poorly prepared to handle. Remember, New Orleans has a major outbreak and they also have a hotel in the French Quarter that collapsed during construction and still has "among the collapsed building’s twisted remains and rubble, the dangling legs of a wedged corpse". The Congress and Trump's administration have been insider trading and looting (also) instead of thinking about how to quickly implement these measures.

Second, I was astonished by this March 10th tweet from Taiwan showing that people under fourteen day quarantine got a nice bag with "goodies from the municipality," including "rice cakes, face masks, milk powder," to "cheer up the spirit." Again, you just can't imagine this being done in the U.S. except possibly in Mormon communities. Small, rich enclaves would have the resources but not the neighborliness.

Third, doctors and nurses in the U.S. do not have the masks and gowns needed to protect themselves against infection so they are reduced to wearing garbage bags. Nurses wearing garbage bags is a de-legitimizing moment for the state. The U.S. experience with coronavirus is reminiscent of Chernobyl, except it has already been far more lethal than Chernobyl. But the minimization and lying are the same. Telling people that "masks don't work" was just a way to hide the lack of masks that came from offshoring manufacturing.

How did we get here? In short, giving low-IQ people the vote. Everything follows from that. The future has been mortgaged and cannibalized to buy votes from those with high time preference. I've been writing about this on the blog for thirteen years. Everyone warned that democracy would end this way, and it is going to:

  • "Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There was never a democracy yet that did not commit suicide." - John Adams
  • "Democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths." - James Madison
So it has been interesting to watch the social media accounts of the U.S. military. The U.S. Army's Twitter account posted a video of the Commanding General of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lt. Gen. Todd Semonite, giving a briefing on rapid expansion of hospital beds in New York.

Under democracy there is a false choice between Trump and Biden. Middle class U.S. "kulaks" can have a guy who sacrificed thousands of lives to prop up his stock market bubble for a couple extra weeks or the totally demented figurehead of the political coalition seeking to dispossess them. Biden's base hates kulaks so much that he still insists we would have to have open borders bringing in more coronavirus cases if we got our epidemic under control.

Maybe people will sign up for one more round of this false choice. (The choice itself is an alarming signal of U.S. decline.) But check out the biographies of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. military as well as those of the unified combatant commanders. The CJCS was a Princeton Army ROTC student, the VCJCS attended Harvard University where he studied engineering and applied sciences on an Air Force ROTC scholarship. These guys look the part, and they tend to be engineers in the model of Chinese government and not our system of lawyer government. It's eventually going to take governance by engineers to not be crushed by engineers. (Lawyers can lie about how great things are while the wheels are coming off.)

The deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history was the 1900 Galveston hurricane that killed ~10,000 people. The 1918 flu killed something like half a million Americans, and of course the Civil War killed between half a million and a million people. There's a death toll here - maybe in the low six figure range - where the civilian government would be deposed to everyone's relief.

It may not get to that level this time. There are some promising treatment ideas: azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, convalescent blood therapy, possibly remdesivir. (Low carb diets might reduce ACE receptor expression!) It ought to be possible to stop the air travel and get quarantine lodgings set up so that people do not spread the disease to household members. I have a bad feeling that attempts to do a coordinated effort of antibody testing, PCR testing, and contact tracing will turn out like the Obamacare website. We should be able to get people wearing masks.

But the military has been the most competent part of the response - civilian entities like FDA, CDC have been useless obstacles - and it is the credibility that they will gain from this which will have everyone ready for them to take over in a subsequent crisis. That could be a worse second wave of the virus, another Chinese bioweapon attack, an economic collapse or something unexpected - like this was.

The military would have good instincts. Instead of UBI, I would predict they would favor WPA-style reindustrialization: rebuilding infrastructure, returning the production of all medical goods, machine tools, and electronics. Again, engineers who know where "stuff" comes from and who know about the importance of logistics and supply lines. The military definitely knows how vulnerable trade with China makes the U.S., and they will be watching after this episode as the civilian government continues to do nothing about it.

P.S. Three other thoughts:
  • For those who have been buying the dip, I have also been asking, "what happens when the most overvalued asset bubble ever hits the biggest economic shock in history?" (A "panic" is not the right word for it.)
  • The other bright spot besides the military has been the 100% capitalist system of food production and distribution. Read about the H-E-B grocery store in Texas. But I'm worried we have a false sense of security about this based on how well it has done so far. What happens if food warehouse and grocery store workers have enough of the risk? The military would step in but it would be a big shock and there might be shortages.
  • Notice how many of the links in this essay are to Twitter. It's the world's best source of information, although it is a bad investment because the owners would rather we not talk about the topics in the essay, instead just silently read celebrity press releases. The eclectic mix of Twitter users that I follow saw this coming. Will "TSLAQ twitter" be vindicated too this year?

Monday, March 23, 2020

Guest Post: Latest Thoughts from @pdxsag on WuFlu

[Our correspondent @pdxsag shares his latest thoughts below. I'm not as optimistic as he is and I'm planning to write up my thoughts separately.]

In the two weeks since my last piece, the WuFlu has hit the United States head-on. I expect the coming week will be the climax of the epidemic as far as the new-case growth rate is concerned. Total cases are a lagging indicator, as are mortality rates.

As for the oft remarked conundrum I believe I've figured out its source.

Among highly rational thinkers the Covid virus, in isolation, would not be a cause for a Societal Reset. Comparing it to recent flu epidemics it's remarkable only for its speed, not its total magnitude. Even a 10% CFR, if it's entirely among the oldest and least healthy population is not an existential threat to the economic health of functional society. The cold, rational fact is that these are not productive members being lost. It is a psychological toll only.

Among highly empathetic thinkers, however, the speed and intensity that makes the Covid virus such a headline grabber means it will elicit a societal response. If the social contract is such that there already exists a state of “frayed nerves” and institutional instability, the societal response will necessarily have significant consequences.

Global economic imbalances today are at such a scale they can no longer be maintained. The Fed Reserve in tandem with the Political Establishment has doubled-down on the status quo in 1994 (Mexican Peso Crisis), 1998 (LTCM Crisis), 2001 (Dot-com equity bubble followed by WTC and Gulf War II), and 2008 (GFC, biggest of them all). They have reached the limit of their Martingale Strategy. A reset is inevitable.

As for the current events, the three states with the most liberal and dysfunctional governments (as measured by budget deficit and pension obligation ratios to GDP), California, Illinois, and New York, were the first under official state-wide quarantine orders by their respective governors.
 
(I'm sure that's only a coincidence. As is the fact each of those three states has the country's largest three metros, and those metros have the largest foreign-born populations. It's just another coincidence. That New York, whose Governor Cuomo was highly critical of President Trump's early travel ban, had their 'patient zero' be a healthcare worker that had been infected on a visit to Iran is another total coincidence. Globalism is not to blame for the unfortunate events, any more than China is to blame. It's all an unavoidable coincidence that could happen to any country. There is no causality here. The most highly credentialed experts in the respective fields of economics and public health have studied it carefully and assured us this is the case. /sarc)

The question at hand with the outbreak raging across the United States is: how bad is this disease really? In one sentence my hypothesis is: SARS-CoV-2 causes metabolic disease to transition from a chronic health condition to an acute one.

The most damning study might be the one from Italy that looked at a random sample of nearly 18% of the death certificates where Covid19 was implicated. Only 0.8% were negative for any other comorbidity. 47% were positive for 3 or more.

It is reminiscent of what low-carb advocates say about diabetes: no carbohydrate overload, no diabetes. Similarly, no metabolic disease, no WuFlu. (Note, I am referring to the illness, distinct from the virus, same as health policy experts refer to AIDS distinctly from HIV.)

A close second is the following morbidity table from Spain. Nearly 19,000 cases are divided into age cohorts. The hospitalization, ICU, and mortality rates for each cohort are computed. While hospitalizations are high to be sure, they grow at a linear rate with each age cohort. In contrast, the mortality rate is nearly flat until turning exponential at the 40-49 year old cohort. (Hockey stick curve, anyone.) I stand by my judgement that reasonably fit people under the age 50 have nothing to worry about, and exceptionally fit people in their 50's and 60's while taking prudent cautions, do not need to self-isolate.

The following is a miscellany of threads I've seen and thought about over the last two weeks:

Corona viruses originate from bats. This is often stated in the media, but never developed. It means corona viruses evolved to be spread under the environmental conditions of bat caves, which is to say aerosolized fecal matter. The ramifications for nursing homes, hospices, and hospitals are profound. (It is no coincidence they are Covid19 hot-spots, and it goes beyond the fact they service those people with the worst health.) As for the home environment, mortality among family clusters is very common. Should one member in the family fall ill you must treat it like you would a norovirus in the home. If you have the ability to segregate bathrooms, do so immediately. Bathroom hygiene is paramount. Toothbrush heads should be kept submerged in a glass or cup of diluted lysol. Towels should be changed frequently, and in the middle of an outbreak removed from the bathroom itself. Hang them up outside the bathroom and change daily. Always close the lid on the toilet before flushing. Clean daily and use a tank disinfectant. (see this and this)

The first statement I recall President Trump having on WuFlu was in late January. He said that by April the weather would be warming up and it would all be fine. Of course he was widely derided for such a flippant statement. Among the complaints the "intellectual yet idiot" class charged was that he had no way of knowing a wholly new virus would exhibit seasonality. While the IYI's are technically correct, there's a multitude of factors that contribute to the phenomenon. With so many factors contributing, it actually makes the effect more robust since the WuFlu virus would have to overcome all of them, rather than just one or two. Among the factors:

  • increased UV intensity kills the virus (it evolved under the conditions found in a bat cave)
  • increased UV exposure increases endogenous vitamin D and nitric oxide (see)
  • April showers clean the air of particulates
  • warmer weather increases humidity which is good for mucus membranes
  • naturally occurring ozone in outdoor air also has anti-viral and anti-microbial properties, milder weather will result in more open windows in their homes bringing in fresh outdoor air (@mangan150)
  • while numerous cases of WuFlu have been reported in tropical and sub-tropical countries, they've all been from infected travelers bring it into the country. There have not been any community-spread clusters in Singapore, India, Thailand, Laos, or Vietnam, all of which (excepting India) are popular Chinese tourist destinations.
  • sauna therapy, of course lacking a sauna, hot and humid summer days will suffice
An anti-malaria treatment was first reported being used to good success in China. It then began making rounds among “autistic-nationalistâ€twitter (high-IQ Trump supporters). It then began getting attacked by progressive-liberal twitter. Finally, it was acknowledged by President Trump both in a press conference, and in a tweet directly putting the FDA on the spot. Whether the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combo is as efficacious as the initial study suggested (1), there are doubts (2), or some other off-label, generic combination presents itself, the glacial bureaucrats in the NIH, CDC, and FDA are on notice that the world is watching and suspicious of their gatekeeping. Good times.

There may be a genetic component to Italy's high mortality rate, beyond the age component and the large number of Chinese sweatshops, er... visa holders working there in the garment trade so that designer bags can overcharge for a Made in Italy label (see). The ACE gene allele rs4343 gives an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes, and all the usual metabolic diseases. Italians in Tuscany have a 41% preponderance of haplotype D/D (1). Utah, the proxy for NW Europeans were next highest at 26% for D/D. ACE2 is also a sex-linked gene on the X-chromosome. Much has been made of the male-female disparity. It could well be a function of heterozygosity, such as color-blindness or sickle cell trait, where in females the two X chromosomes give them better fitness against the virus (2). Also apropos, Italy has 4X the seasonal flu deaths as the world-wide per-capita average (3).

I have a real, live, nearly first-hand to my own ears report to share. My wife's friend has a brother that lives in Seattle. The brother was feeling really unwell the week before last (2ndweek of March) and went to the hospital figuring he had a case of WuFlu. The hospital didn't have a WuFlu test at the time, but he tested negative for all the usual suspects, seasonal flu, etc. The hospital told him you probably have coronavirus, go home, don't go anywhere else for two weeks, and don't come back to the hospital unless your condition severely deteriorates. It took him 3 days to recover at home. He ended up also giving it to his wife, but it was not as bad for her as for him. All in all, it was a really bad flu, but... still just the flu. They're in their lower to mid 40's. They are reasonably fit, ie. typical of Seattle and the Pacific NW, but are not athletes or anything of that nature.

Billions in opportunity cost - foregone taxes, lost wages and revenues, unemployment insurance, small business bankruptcies, etc. - are being spent by governors imposing state-wide quarantines, but 1/1000th the amount is not available for random community-wide testing to get a handle on how broad the virus really is. The frightening CFR's (case fatality rates) are based upon a restricted range for the denominator: we are counting only the cases severe enough to present at a hospital, not the 10, 100, 1000, times the number of cases, such as the brother of my wife's friend, that do not get tested. Again, as we've seen in South Korea and the Diamond Princess, asymptomatic cases may be 2 to 10 times the total number of cases. The CFR among the active, work-age population may well be 0.01% instead of 0.1% that it appears to be. A few private individuals have noticed and are responding (Sailer).

Likewise, just as the government was caught flat-footed with regard to testing, they were, and remain flat-footed on masks. There has been a huge disinformation campaign on the efficacy of masks, despite the obvious benefit our lying eyes are seeing in the mask-wearing countries of Japan, S. Korea, and Taiwan. (Sailer) Why has this obvious lie received such little critical push-back?

WuFlu is a political lightning rod on social media. A novel virus is about as close to a real-life case of Reagan's quip about an alien invasion of Earth. Yet, it seems to be having the opposite effect. It's as politicized as a Presidential campaign. For those familiar with Scott Adam's concept of "Two movies, one screen," WuFlu checks all the boxes.

What does it all mean?

First, sadly, the public health threat is real. About 10 million Americans fit the high-risk profile of being severely obese and over 60 years old. The CFR of that cohort is in the 3-6% range. This is not obscure data. It is safe to assume the whisper number in the halls of power is half a million dead Americans by election day.

That is a headline risk politicians cannot abide. They have to respond. Since they are poorly informed and poorly positioned to actually do anything of actual value - the country has been resting on its laurels, patting itself on the back that “we're number one,” putting political considerations at the forefront of every decision and experiencing "cost disease" and functional sclerosis among our public institutions for arguably some 20 to 40 years, that it is as shameful as it is predictable that we would not be able to respond in any effective form or fashion - they fall back to their cognitive biases and notions of justice.

For Democrats in progressive states, it means shared sacrifice, more social safety-net, more Big Government nanny-statism. The politicians that are comfortable micro-managing shopping bags, soft-drinks, and carbon emissions are the politicians that are going to be comfortable ordering everyone off the beach, out of the parks, and sitting at home until further notice, regardless of the cost or efficacy to the threat at hand. Also not to worry, if you are too poor to feed yourself, the government will send paid public servants to bring food to your door.

For Republicans, it's the opposite side of the same coin. Distrust the self-anointed experts. Mock shared sacrifice because for as long as anyone can remember the sacrifices and the shares have gone in exactly one direction. Trust private enterprise to solve every problem that comes your way, while remaining conveniently oblivious to the crony-capitalism that modern private enterprise has devolved into.

However, go down a level and what we are seeing is two sides vying for supremacy in a new social-economic order that is set to unfold. A Societal Reset appears at hand. The events this year, an obvious propaganda campaign taking place on the public psyche evidenced by the "two movies, one screen" in social media, speaks to the battle taking place.

The two sides are Chinese-aligned Globalism versus Independent-Nationalist Free Enterprise.

One one side we see Progressive Democrats and Big Business Republicans using "flatten the curve" as justification for a drawn-out economic depression which necessarily and inevitably increases the power and scope of government. Ironically enough, this is approach is akin to a cytokine storm where the infection does not kill the patient, rather their immune system reaction to the infection kills themselves. If we get an economic depression, it will not be from the virus killing a large segment of our working-age population, it will be from the self-induced quarantines and shelter-in-place orders entirely destroying the service sector in our service-oriented economy.

On the other side we see President Trump seemingly (hopefully?) taking the 1921 approach of a swift and severe recession to clear bad debts (in nominal terms) and give time for the manufacturing sector to repatriate and supply chains to reorganize into more fairly balanced, pro-American terms.

The stakes are incredible and I reckon 98% of the population is oblivious to the real contest taking place.

P.S. I'm going to go out on a limb and suggest Governor Cuomo will replace an incapacitated Joe Biden before or very soon after the conclusion of the Democratic National Convention.

Monday, March 9, 2020

Thoughts on WuFlu and Markets

I do not think that PdxSag's most recent piece was "bullish". The good news about the WuFlu does seem to be that the virus does not have a 3-5% CFR as once feared, but rather something less. The bad news is that it is worse than the flu (it seems more harmful and more contagious) and it is going to be hard on old, fat, and sick people.

Guess which country has a lot of old, fat, and sick people?

So far, people have been in denial of the implications, even after seeing the results in China, Iran, and Italy. See LoTB's thinking below:

Most people, even most smart people, lack any ability to think independently for themselves. If they see no one else worrying about the virus, that means they don’t worry about the virus, and anyone who appears to be worrying is written off as paranoid, or they are making it up because they are out to get Trump.

Most people lack the ability to think in a non-linear manner. If they see 100 people infected with the virus this week, then they project 100 next week, 100 the week after that, and so on and so on, and conclude that the virus is no big deal. Sucks for 10 people each week who need hospitalization, but a minor health problem compared to even the flu. They don’t understand how epidemics spread in a nonlinear manner, that the number of infected doubles every so many days. If there is a doubling every 5 days, then it only takes 50 days to go from 5000 infected (no big deal) to 5 million infected (a pretty darn big deal) and then only 20 more days to go to 80 million infected. In the absence of action to contain the virus or increase social distancing, epidemiologists say that 40% will become infected before we develop herd immunity.


The number of cases, hospitalizations, deaths will continue to grow exponentially until quarantines are put in place. So far, government officials (at all levels, not just Trump) care more about asset prices than about the pandemic. They only care about the now, maybe partly because they can't visualize or comprehend two weeks ahead. See @toad_spotted tweet:

I'm dense, but I finally understand that all the discussion of "inspiring panic" has essentially zero to do with what people do in their ordinary days. If parents keep their kids home or stay home from work a day, it's hardly going to inspire chaos. It's about stock market panics. Because stock panics can happen in an instant, the attention of politicians is almost entirely on managing day-to-day expectations and the impression of good news versus bad, rather than affecting the actual course of the epidemic by thinking through even one to two weeks from now.

The market is not discounting this yet, except in cruise line and airline stocks. Imagine how well cars are going to be selling for a quarter with rolling quarantines and crashing overvalued tech stocks. Can Tesla survive a quarter with de minimis sales? Because part of his business model is to be a stock promotion, Musk runs the company with a very fragile balance sheet.

Guest Post: @pdxsag on the WuFlu

[The latest by @pdxsag on the WuFlu / coronavirus pandemic. See his earlier posts, "Have We Cracked the Coronavirus Conundrum?", "Theories", and "More".]

A concept from science and engineering is that a difference in degree greater than an order of magnitude, makes for a difference in kind. The most obvious example of this phenomenon is with travel speeds. Walking, driving, and flying are each an order of magnitude faster than the preceding, which makes for a difference in kind.

With regard to public health, WuFlu's communicability versus the seasonal flu makes for a difference in kind. Treating Covid19 like seasonal flu is skirting a public health disaster owing to the graphic below. If the infected population in need of treatment at any point in time ever exceeds the local healthcare system's capacity, people will die. The area under the curve is not important. What is critical is the height of the curve. A highly communicable, fast spreading virus obviously drives up the height of the curve, all other things equal.


In Wuhan, Iran, and Italy, Covid19 spread so fast that it overwhelmed the local health infrastructure in just a matter of days. In the aggregate it, indeed, appeared to be a “devil virus,” as Chairman Xi called it.

However, on the individual level, where we were looking at the severity, many innocuous case reports left us mystified. The quintessential example was the American evacuee from the Diamond Princess that fell ill on the flight back from Japan. He admitted on NPR interview he wasn’t sure if he was just jet-lagged.

It was a conundrum. No one knew what to think. Various theories, myself included, were floated in attempt to square the circle.

However, what if we ignore the infection rate and consider only the severity? What can be learned?

Locally, at the Life Care assisted care facility near Seattle, Washington, we have a reasonably good view at its severity (see). Though, as usual, you have to read between the lines, as well as backwards, forwards, and sometimes sideways.

Nine Life Care residents have died in the last two weeks. That’s as severe as it gets, and sounds very disturbing. On the other hand, they all were over 70. In the realm of geriatrics, 70 is not old. My church is full of 70 year olds that are still living at home and leading vigorous lives. Ironically enough, they were the majority in attendance this morning. To be in assisted living in one’s 70’s is the absolute bottom decile of health.

Instead, let’s consider those who haven’t died. The article clearly states all the residents have been exposed. If all the residents have been exposed, then certainly all of the staff have been exposed as well. We aren’t told how many residents live there or how many staff work there, but we are told 21 residents tested positive and another 12 people in the rest of King County are known to be positive. It seems reasonable to infer the other 12 are the staff and/or their close relatives. That’s 33 people that have been exposed to the virus for the last 2 weeks and are not showing severe, life-threatening symptoms.

We also know 34 police and firemen were exposed due to responding to calls at the facility. They are under quarantine at present, but only half are showing symptoms, and zero have required hospitalization. The severity of the symptoms isn’t stated, but we do know anything up to an including jet-lag qualifies as flu-like symptoms. That’s now 67 people that have been exposed in the last two weeks and are not showing severe, life-threatening symptoms. The bottom line is that this outbreak appears to be not severe. Zero people healthy enough for full-time employment have required hospitalization.

The problem we have is at the early stage of an outbreak, only those sick enough to show up at a hospital are tested. We suddenly see 50 sick people and jump to the conclusion there’s an incipient pandemic. However, it’s possible hundreds of people are already infected and the symptoms are so mild they recover at home or perhaps don’t even know they are infected. We don’t know if we are seeing the first 50 of 50 people with the infection, or the first 50 of 5000 people with the infection.

To really know the severity we have to test the entirety of the population. Interestingly enough we’ve had exhaustive testing in two places where WuFlu is endemic: the notorious Diamond Princess Cruise ship and South Korea.

The Diamond Princess had 3700 people aboard. There were 1000 crew, which is to say 1000 people healthy enough for full-time employment, and 1700 guests, which is to say 1700 people healthy enough to choose to go on an expensive vacation.

In the end, nearly all were tested. In the close confines of a cruise ship 20% became infected. The severity among those 700 infected was 7 deaths, or 1%. All were over 70 years old, 2 were in their 80’s.

Now let’s consider South Korea. They are testing nearly every person. There are 7,000 tested and confirmed cases. 50 people have died. It’s also reported that about 50% are classified as asymptomatic carriers. The health experts will call those 3,500 people super-spreaders. I call them 3,500 people healthy enough to not know they even caught the virus. I’m starting to think if my health is in the upper 50% of the population, I have zero worries over Covid19.

Finally, let’s look at Italy, since it’s the latest supercluster and coincided with commencement of the stock market sell-off. Italy has a significant elderly population. Italy is the oldest in western Europe. That is certainly going to cause the mortality rate to be overstated relative to what other westerns should expect. On Thursday, March 5, at a press conference with Vice-President Pence, median age of death in Italy was 82! On Saturday March 8, Italy quarantined the Lombardy region of 11 million people. This was done in response to 1500 new cases and 133 new deaths. More indicatively, 131, 98.5%, were over 60 years old and all had underlying health conditions. This is hardly something that warrants healthy people shelter-in-place and slowly burn through their stack of 2-ply.

Allow me to submit WuFlu is a stress test of public health after a lifetime on this map. It is a sit-rise test writ large.

The vast majority of people over 50 skate by on flu shots, herd immunity on account of their younger, healthier friends, family, and co-workers, and the fact seasonal flu is not grossly contagious. Most of them aren’t exposed to seasonal flu because it's not that prevalent in the environment.

What would happen if the seasonal flu were 10 times more contagious such that everyone in China or Japan or South Korea or northern Italy or the United States was exposed to seasonal flu within the same 3 week time period?

Given the poor state of general health, hospitals would be swamped and anyone over 50 with cardio-vascular disease or diabetes would be at serious risk of death. If you are not healthy enough to be certain you can catch and recover from seasonal flu at home, you are at high risk. While I think Covid19 is far less severe than seasonal flu, as a safely conservative approximation, if you would be reliant on the healthcare system to recover from seasonal flu, you must take extreme precautions. If the infection rate in your area tips into exceeding your locale’s hospital capacity you could well die.

Frankly, for the average American over 50, it doesn't look good. There are 110 million of them. Nearly half, about 45%, are obese, and 9% are severely obese (see). Their best and maybe only hope is that the low population density of the United States prevents WuFlu from becoming a true epidemic.

For healthcare workers it’s a different calculus. I suspect healthcare workers in Italy and China were severely overtaxing themselves in the midsts of crisis trying to hold back a failing dam and falling ill (see). At LifeCare, none of the employees have succumbed or apparently even been hospitalized. They were just as heavily exposed to the virus as the residents. From photos of the staff (see), they appear to be typical Americans, which is to say between obese and severely obese. For the millions of seriously unhealthy people, it is evident the healthcare systems cannot support surge demand created by a highly communicable flu.

I assume most CreditBubble readers are already high-agency types that have taken their health into their own hands with regard to a low carb diet, at least a modicum of strength training, and dietary supplements. The lowest hanging fruit for supplements would seem to be the Vitamin D Hammer (one-time dose of 50,000 IU) as well as zinc and NAC. Taking CoQ10 would be another idea, especially for someone taking a statin.

Good luck.

Monday, March 2, 2020

Have We Cracked the Coronavirus Conundrum?

[We've been grappling with understanding the coronavirus ("WuFlu") puzzle since late January with the help of @pdxsag, who wrote two guest posts about it. Tyler Cowen has also noticed the conundrum, asking "what gives?" The essay below is by pdxsag and reflects our collaborative effort to understand what is going on here.]

Hopefully this will be the final installment on the WuFlu conundrum. I believe the epidemic will resolve itself over the next 2-3 weeks. There will be an exponential growth in cases as testing is more widely performed, but there will not be exponential growth in mortality. Nor will there be more than a handful -- if any -- of small concentrated clusters of infections.

Since the last essays, infections have popped-up across dozens of countries. Italy and Iran have been notable for going from zero reports to hundreds in the matter of days, having high case-fatality rates (CFR), and, it must be said, non-Asian populations.

In the US the news is occupied with community transmissions (ie. person-to-person with no known Chinese connection) in Washington, Oregon, and California. Additionally, in Washington a male in his 50’s co-morbid for cardiovascular disease died over the weekend, prompting a press-conference by President Trump.

Following the report from Italy on February 21 was the largest 5-day stock market sell-off since the GFC in 2008. Although, I would be remiss not to mention the February options expiration also coincided with the market’s sudden concern with, and sell-off over, Coronavirus. It was almost as if some very deep pockets in January had gone long February call contracts, then in February had flipped and gone long March put contracts.

However, our concern at CreditBubbleStocks has not been exclusive to mercenary financial market prognostication. We’ve also been trying to determine what is the real threat to the US population, ourselves, and our loved ones. To that purpose, there has been considerable conflicting accounts leading to confusion and uncertainty as to what the real story surrounding it is.

The biggest conflict was from China itself, the source of the outbreak. On the one hand they shutdown their entire economy for 2 weeks and quarantined upwards of 600 million people. On the other hand, the reported infection counts and mortality rates were far below what one would expect to warrant shutting down the world’s second largest economy; and, more so, the infection counts China reported perfectly fit an exponential growth and recovery model that one twitter user discovered and shared on the 2nd of February. Over the ensuing 4 weeks of February, excepting one conspicuous shift in the Y-axis, the daily numbers were always reported within 10-20 individuals from the model. Such precision does not exist in the real-world, especially in the midst of a raging epidemic.

Outside of China, neither of the two clusters of non-trivial “N” infections -- Singapore and a cruise ship docked at a port in Japan -- showed anywhere near the severity being reported inside of China. For that matter, within China the severity inside the city of Wuhan and the province of Hubei was markedly greater than the rest of the country, which was reporting a severity not out of the ordinary for the seasonal flu.

The additional information helped to winnow our theories down, and at one point we were working on three hypotheses:

  • Real, but largely harmless virus — the severity and resultant quarantines were a propaganda campaign on the part of the CCP.
  • Severe and deadly virus, but with an incubation period closer to 6 weeks than the typical 2 weeks — this would explain for the otherwise mysteriously slow spreading to neighboring countries.
  • Two virii — a severe virus, escaped from a research lab in Wuhan and a largely benign one planted as a cover-story for the one raging in Wuhan.
As events unfolded I was at pains trying to discount one theory over another. Almost any given day I changed my mind as to what was most likely. Eventually, with no additional deaths in Japan or the cruise ship after an initial headline grabbing one or two, and given literally no deaths in Singapore, and the clock running down on even the 6 week incubation period in the rest of the world, I was thinking either propaganda campaign or two virii were the likelihood.

The problem with two virii, is that genetic sequencing would make that all put impossible to hide. As much as it explained the discrepancy inside Wuhan and the rest of the world, it seemed almost impossible to keep hidden over the long-term. There were too many foreigners and foreign travelers that could have picked up the Wuhan virus and spread it elsewhere. It only takes one or two transmissions for the cat to get out of the bag that there is another virus.

Also, I had seen and not forgotten an interesting tweet mentioning that Covid-19 shared the fecal-oral infection pathway of SARS. I’d also seen someone mention that intestinal transmission could cause considerably more severe symptoms than inhalation of air-borne particles. Indeed, in the first days of January when the outbreak hit the news I remembered from the 2003 SARS outbreak that the biggest cluster and the location of most of the deaths was an apartment complex (Amoy Gardens) with shoddy bathroom plumbing. I quickly dismissed it though, as it would be impossible for an entire city and surrounding province to have shoddy plumbing. It then occurred to me there might be one virus, but two infection pathways causing two different severities. The more I thought about it, the more likely this scenario became.

What finally settled it for me was seeing that the Italian cluster was centered around the hospital. Until then, I thought possibly whatever was in Wuhan, could also have gotten into Iran. The hot-spot in Iran was Qom, which is the site of their military industrial complex and presumably the most likely place for Chinese military advisors to be found. However, as the Italian cluster exceeded multiple hundreds, and there was no mention of a second virus, I decided the two virii theory was just too improbable.

That brought me back to one virus, but two severities. What would be consistent with two severities?

The evidence is that most people are asymptomatic for most if not all of their infections. One of the Americans that was repatriated from the cruise ship barely had 24 hours of fever and admitted he wasn’t sure if his physical condition wasn’t mostly attributable to jet-lag. Countries without broad population testing might not know they even had an epidemic going on. If they started a testing campaign, they would see an alarming number of infected people, yet the average severity among all those carriers would be a non-event, almost indistinguishable from the seasonal flu. That certainly described South Korea.

What if one were to assume two pathways of infection?
  • Ingestion of contaminated food — direct exposure to intestinal cell walls with a potentially large virus load since viruses are not limited to relatively small quantities necessary to remain in an aerosol state.
  • Inhalation of airborne particles — most common contact is within mucus membranes; deep-lung inhalation may occur but would be less frequently, though result in far more severe infections
If those are true, we would expect a few, incredibly severe outbreaks reminiscent of a food poisoning episode. These would most likely be where 1) infected people are to be found and 2) where a large number of people eat from the same cafeteria. Hospitals and long-term care facilities would be the most likely places. As would places with poor sanitation habits and infrastructure. Italy and Iran fit into this scenario perfectly.

Outside of the hot-spots experiencing transmission by contaminated food, for typical airborne transmission we’d expect to see random, generally low-grade infections with occasionally severe results owing to idiosyncratic cases of compromised immunity and other comorbidities. Also with airborne transmission, we’d expect to see an environmental component where cities or regions with poorer air quality experience worse outbreaks in both severity and scale. Again, Qom and Wuhan fit the latter scenario perfectly, but also South Korea was far worse than Singapore. As well, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia, no strangers to Chinese tourists, had not reported any conspicuous clusters of infections.
What have we seen, where we’ve seen the WuFlu?
  • The original outbreak was traced to a Wet Food Market (ie. contaminated food).
  • When a hospital is overwhelmed, the staff never leaves. They eat & sleep at the hospital. (ie. contaminated food).
  • Early in Hubei’s outbreak family clusters were common (I felt at the time that this was also consistent with the "WuFlu as hoax / propaganda campaign" theory, as political dissidents would also cluster in families).
  • The Singapore cases tracked back to a small number of churches and a holiday party (ie shared food consumption).
  • Wuhan has notoriously poor air quality, even for China.
  • Qom, Iran, the one place with an infection rate and severity comparable to Hubei also has notorious poor air quality.
  • In the rest of the world, we hear about isolated cases of infections: 1 in Ireland, 2 in Iceland, a few in Vancouver & Toronto, 1 in Oregon, a few in California, 1 in Mexico. (ie. airborne particles causing mild infection in most cases except a random few).
Now about those comorbidities…
Covid-19 has been called "BoomerPox" for the fact it kills those over 50 at twice the rate of those over 40, and kills those over 60 at 10 times the rate. Also, the comorbidity with CVD and diabetes was often mentioned and warned about.

It occurred to me, in the heat of an epidemic how would doctors know about a patient’s CVD unless it had been previously diagnosed? If it had been previously diagnosed, what is the almost universal result? Statin prescription.

What is non-existent among 30 & 40 year-olds, begins rising among 50 year-olds and is virtually a foregone conclusion among 60 year-olds? Statin prescription.
What do we know about statins? They function by decreasing LDL. Among LDL’s purposes is infection fighting. Additionally, how do statins actually decrease LDL? They block CoQ10 synthesis. What is CoQ10 needed for? Myocarditis recovery. It’s one big vicious cycle.

My Prediction
To be sure, Covid19 is a serious, highly contagious flu. However, in the next couple weeks we are going to find out it’s already been running wild for around six weeks on the West Coast, and for the most part under the radar as a nasty, non-specific flu season. As I said at the beginning, there will certainly be more random reports of infected individuals. If no hospitals get overwhelmed, I think total deaths will be less than 100. Maybe that sounds like a lot, but out of a population of 330 million, it’s not even noise. There may even be a handful of clusters around long-term care facilities. There is one in Washington State already. (Though I suspect for the next few weeks management and staff will be atypically careful -- it would be a supreme irony if hospital & nursing home infection complication rates make a significantly measurable drop over the next 3-4 months.)

Coincidentally, by the time we figure out that Covid19 has been here and most often is not any worse than seasonal flu, the weather will be improving, air quality will be improving, as will sun exposure with increased ultraviolet light killing germs and increased vitamin D making people more resistant to infection in the first place. San Francisco and LA will feel like they dodged a bullet with regard to their homeless communities, and maybe they did. If this had become an epidemic in the fall instead of the waning months of winter, the outcome maybe would have been far different.

Trump supporters and detractors will respectively marvel and fume at his seemingly flippant take that “it will all be fine by April when the weather gets warm,” being right, presumably for the wrong reason. Again.

The second order economic effects will certainly be more interesting. Do Central Banks use the opportunity to engage in coordinated easing? I can’t see why not. They always want to. They just feel they need a fig leaf. Nothing is so vulgar, or so demeaning as being beholden to politicians. As fig leafs go, a global pandemic is a pretty good one.

Costco has a notoriously generous return policy. I wonder how that’s going to work out in the weeks ahead. Airlines, hotels, convention centers, and amusement parks are going to have a tougher time of it for sure. Lost revenue in those businesses is lost forever. Hopefully supply shocks to US manufacturers and retailers are brief and well contained.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Guest Post: @pdxsag Applies Occam's Razor to the WuFlu

[This is a guest post by @pdxsag, who previously wrote book reviews of Real Food on Trial and - coincidentally - Bottle of Lies, which was about the outsourcing of our pharmaceutical manufacturing to dirty, incompetent third-world places.]
 


Since my last post, twitter user @evdefender has continued to update his chart showing the phases of the outbreak in China. Originally, we thought China had returned to reporting the WuFlu was still in an exponential growth phase. Now that four more days have passed, we can see they are still pushing a recovery story, however, from a much higher starting point.

Furthermore, this week China has taken to reporting the numbers outside of Hubei province. As of February 18, China claimed - incredibly - that its area “outside of Hubei,” a population north of 1 billion people, had fewer new cases than the Princess Cruise ship quarantined in Japan with a population of less than 4000.

So once again we are back to observing a highly infectious, but not particularly deadly virus (most novel virii are). A further example of the suspiciously low severity is with the infected population in the rest of the world outside of China. It has continued to grow at an alarming rate. It has doubled in the last 4 days. Yet, there has been just one additional death: a Japanese woman in her 80's who caught it from her son-in-law in his 70's (implying she was probably closer to 90 than to 80).

And thus once again: China's response is vastly out of character given the health threat.

Their entire economy was entirely halted for two weeks. This week it is slowly and cautiously coming back online, but at best it appears it will be another two weeks before everything outside of Hubei is back to 100%. As for within Hubei, it's too soon to tell. The financial consequences both internally and externally are enormous. Setting equity markets aside, producers of real goods in the real economy will be having a rough go of it. Herds that can't be fed, produce that rots in the warehouse, workers in developing countries sent home without pay because of input shortages aren't solved by moving pixels on a computer screen.

Applying Occam's Razor to the question we see three distinct possibilities:

  • The response was a propaganda operation to scape-goat an already severe recession
  • The virus has a contagious, asymptomatic incubation period of 6 +/- 2 weeks.
  • There are two virii.
In support of scape-goat propaganda operation we have:
  • Baltic Dry Shipping Index crash commencing in September of last year.
  • Billions in fresh, new “uninfected” currency printed and ready for distribution.
  • Equity markets with a DGAF response to the whole thing.
  • High-profile thought leaders (President Trump and Elon Musk) making statements dismissive of the severity that might indicate they know more than they are letting on. Trump was roundly mocked for saying he thinks it will get better by April when the weather “warms up.” Mock it all you like, but it sounds exactly like something Trump would say if he knew it really would be better by April, but couldn't say why he knew.
  • Princess Cruise ship quarantine ended even though new infections continued to increase every single day. Indeed, of the couple hundred Americans evacuated by the State Department, 12 tested positive by the time they arrived in the United States. I suppose the answer is yes, we as a society really are that hubristic, but if this really were the capable of killing 2-5% of the population would you really have any desire to break a quarantine ahead of schedule.
In support of item 2 we have:
  • Chinese news stating some individuals were asymptomatic for 24 days
  • Infected count on Princess cruise ship continued to grow long after a quarantine was in place. This is what you would expect if they had contracted the virus well in advance of the quarantine.
  • Infected count in Japan, Hawaii, and Singapore growing in such a way as to suggest people contracted the virus prior to the travel ban from mainland China. (See LotB)
  • Popular Chinese travel destinations such as Canada, Australia, US universities, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, (unlike Singapore) not actively testing for the virus have not reported outbreaks. The implication is if those places were testing they would find the virus, but since the infected people are still in their asymptomatic incubation phase no one realizes it’s being spread. That will change in another 2-3 weeks.
In support of item 3 we have:
  • The bewildering difference inside Hubei vs. the rest of China and the world.
  • 100-fold delta in mortality rates: 3% vs 0.04% (see
  • France evacuated 200 people. But left behind 300 people. (see)
  • [Well, Barton certainly doesn’t think so -- but somehow it’s less deadly everywhere outside of Hubei?]

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Guest Post: @pdxsag Offers Theories on the "WuFlu" / Coronavirus

This is a guest post by @pdxsag, who previously wrote book reviews of Real Food on Trial and - coincidentally - Bottle of Lies, about the outsourcing of our pharmaceutical manufacturing to dirty, incompetent third-world places.

There is a remarkably blasé attitude with regard to the Chinese WuFlu outbreak in the financial markets. Judged by their actions, market participants have placed their full and complete faith in the Fed Put (or perhaps helicopter money). Whether that is a wise judgement will not be the subject of this guest post. Rather, I will endeavor to show that everything we think we know about the Chinese WuFlu is based on propaganda and lies coming out of Communist China.

Among the financial twitter-sphere is an emergent network of critical truth-seeking fraud sleuths that latched on to the obfuscation and lies coming from Elon Musk and Tesla. They later turned their sights to Boeing. Most recently, they have taken on the task of separating truth and dis-information around the WuFlu.

One of the first to recognize the propaganda story was user @evdefender. He started tracking the daily totals for infected and deaths announced by the CCP and quickly noticed the reported numbers fit to a parabola perfectly. For statistic types, the error residual was 0.999. Nothing is that perfect in the real world. It seemed that the CCP was fudging their data, but not trying very hard to hide it. What became unmistakable this week was the facility with which Beijing changes their propaganda without any regard for plausible deniability.

disease outbreak with 0.999 correlation to a parabola

The last week of January (light blue dots) the casualty rate was following a parabola. Then on January 27th the parabola was shifted upward. No one realized it at the time – here wasn't enough data to assume it would follow any particular formula – but in retrospect it suggests Chinese officials realized the infected numbers coming out of Hubei province were such that their originally assumed “zero day” was incorrect and the spread of the infection was much further along than was originally believed.

The upward shifted curve continued for another week until on Feb 4 the daily “new confirmed” cases began dropping in a linear fashion alternating about +100 and -100 from a best-fit line each day. What was noteworthy about it was that on Feb 3, the CCP had a standing committee meeting in which Chairman Xi attended and was reported to have said restrictive measures to contain the virus were harming the economy. Again, in retrospect, it seems at the standing committee meeting a decision was made to begin a narrative that the infection was contained and would be in its recovery phase after one extra week of quarantine (Feb 3-7 original, Feb 10-14 extra week). Indeed, by February 8 the divergence from the original model is evident and by Feb 11 daily “new cases” were as low as they had been since Feb 1. The outbreak wasn't over, but it from the outside it could be surmised the worst was over. The final magnitude was now a “known, known.”

On February 12, however, the remarkable happened when Beijing announced a sudden increase of 15,000 “new cases.” It was couched in language about a change in counting methodology and so-forth, but the unmistakable fact is the announced number brought the infection rate back to the original parabola from Jan 27. To remove any doubt, the February 13 “new cases” fell on the parabola as well. To emphasize: the reported confirmed cases on February 13 were within 190, or 0.3%, of a quadratic model that was originally discovered and published by an anonymous twitter user 12 days prior on February 1.

To better visualize the changing models used to fit the propaganda narratives, @evdefender helpfully published a graphic overlaying the quadratic curves with the reported infection numbers.

3 phases of disease outbreak to fit a propaganda narrative

Also of note, is that the whole time this was going on, through three distinct phases of contagious outbreak, the mortality rate always trended toward 2.0% of the previous day's count of total infected. What is remarkable about that number is the only time the the mortality would be a fixed percentage of the prior day's total infected is when the outbreak would be essentially over. There is always a lag between people getting sick and actually dying. Based on a January 24 case report published by the journal Lancet, among the first cohort of 41 patients hospitalized by January 2, the death rate was 15% within 14 days of hospitalization. In the early phases of an outbreak, the death rate should track the infection rate from 14 days ago. That is how long it takes for a patient, once identified by admittance to a hospital, to die. Only in the final phase of the outbreak's spread, when the number of infected 14 days prior is essentially equal to the number of infected 1 day prior, would we see the mortality rate trend down and ultimately reach some total mortality rate as a percentage of the previous day's total. That China is reporting deaths showing a fixed mortality rate of a nice round 2.0% well before the outbreak had entered its final stages, suggests their reporting is not based on the reality of events, rather it is based on a model someone had built at the behest of the CCP.

So here is what is known:
  • China is reporting numbers from a model. We do not know what assumptions were made in developing the model, or even why that model was chosen among all the reasonable possibilities.
  • We do not know whether China is severely under-reporting or severely over-reporting infection and mortality rates. There are strong arguments to be made on both sides, to which I will return.
  • We know China has virtually been on a business “snow day” for 2 weeks straight, with a 3rd week about to commence with this Monday, February 17. This has been collaborated in multiple ways from online traffic trackers, anecdotal reports by Americans with business ties to Chinese suppliers, to vast numbers of smart phone videos showing cities under quarantine.
  • We know outside of China the WuFlu is incredibly contagious. The cruise ship now being held in quarantine at a Japanese port had one infected individual from Hong Kong on board for 6 days, from Jan 20-25. Some three weeks later testing shows over 200 people infected. Singapore has 67 cases. Japan and now Hawaii have cases notable for people with no direct contact to China falling ill. They had to have picked up the virus from other individuals. Given the timing of when travel bans went into effect, they contracted it two weeks ago, spread it for a week then fell so ill as to need to go to the hospital where they were tested.
  • We know outside of China the WuFlu is not terribly virulent. 4 deaths in total. One Japanese woman (not from the cruise ship) died and was in her 80's. No one from 200+ on the Cruise have died. No one in Singapore has died.
So the question arises: is this a highly infectious, but not particularly virulent virus (most novel virii are) being used by the Chinese for ulterior purposes?

If one looks outside of China, it's largely a nothing-burger. The seasonal flu is multiple orders of magnitude worse. It's possible, though everyday that goes by without happening this grows less likely, that the asymptomatic incubation period is not 1-2 weeks, but 3-4 weeks. If this is the case, the rest of the world is today, where China was in early January. This seems unlikely to me, but we'll know definitively in another two weeks time.

If WuFlu fails to gain traction outside of China and a few unique examples – elderly with direct or second-hand contact with infected Chinese nationals, and cruise ship passengers – then we can be fairly certain this was an internal Chinese problem. That would suggest that China's response was vastly out of character given the health threat. Their entire economy is halted. This is going to have enormous consequences both internally and externally. This leads to the next question: why might China be going all-in on such an incredibly expensive charade? Some possibilities:
  • there are two virus outbreaks: a deadly, escaped bio-weapon virus inside Hubei province, and a relatively benign as a red-herring to cover-up the former in the China and rest of the world
  • justification to expand their domestic surveillance state – never let a crisis go to waste, it's said. They now have tracking apps, quarantine hospitals, and a population prepped to call in the police on any neighbor running a slight fever, real or imagined
  • smoke-screen to round-up and “disappear” dissidents, especially in Hong Kong. Nothing like a highly communicable, deadly virus to take out the turn-out for a mob street protest
  • renege on the purchase agreements that were reached with the Trump admin in exchange for lifting tariffs
  • distract from a controlled demolition going on in their domestic banking sector; gives them an excuse to print money like Western Central Banks can only dream about
  • distract from a recession ostensibly imposed upon them by the Trump admin's economic negotiating tactics; a domestic recession of any kind would force them to admit to their populace that the CCP is not omnipotent
  • escalation of the trade war – we kind of forget it today, but in the 1930's and well before, it was understood interfering with another county's supply channels is an act of war, this is an act of war with plausible deniability
It would be easy to say with so many good reasons, why does there have to be just one? Indeed, as expensive as the epidemic response is, you'd almost have to amortize the costs among at least a few good reasons for it to make any sense.

The confounder among these possibilities is that China was pushing the “recovery” narrative just 3-4 days ago. Nothing had changed between then and now, so why abandon it and return to model A? Is the CCP itself have an internal cold war? Was Xi out-maneuvered? No idea.

What I am sure about is the economic impacts on not just the US, but the rest of the world, are going to be real and far-reaching. There was a little bit of added buffer on account of this occurring around the time of the Chinese New Year holiday. However, 3 weeks of supply-chain disruption on the part of the entire country is unprecedented. Central Banks can posture, but if they start throwing money at the economy we'll have a textbook 1970's stagflation... more money chasing fewer goods and services.

It would be a supreme irony if over the next 4-8 years the Boomers leave adulthood under the same economic malaise as they entered it. What a shame that would be. It couldn't have happened to a nicer demographic.